Former Prime Minister of Poland (1989–1991). In 1956, he established the Warsaw Catholic Intelligentsia Club. In 1961 he was elected to Parliament as a representative of Catholic opposition circles. When strikes broke out in the Baltic coast (1980) he joined the striking workers, and became Chairman of the Experts Council. In 1987, he became Chief Advisor to the Underground National Executive Committee of Solidarity and in 1989 he became the first non-Communist Prime Minister of Poland. In 1991 he became a chairman of Democratic Union (UW). Since 1992 he performed the function of Special Rapporteur of the UN Commission on Human Rights for the Territory of the former Yugoslavia. He resigned after the fall of Srebrenica, one of the “safe havens” in Bosnia. In 2005, he became one of the founders of the Democratic Party. He received many international prizes, among them the Freedom Award of the American Jewish Congress, the Giorgio La Pira Award of Peace and Culture, the French Legion d’ Honneur, and the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.